How to Start a Beauty Salon - 1506 Words

How to Start a Beauty Salon Have you always dreamed of being successful in the beauty business? Here s how to launch and establish your very own beauty salon. Small Business Liability Setting up Shop 1. Figure out how much money you need. Starting a business can cost a lot of money, and most entrepreneurs don t turn a profit for the first year or two. Here s what to consider: Franchises under $10,000 Franchises for less than $10K. 100 s of low cost franchises. Franchise.FranchiseGator.com Can you still support yourself while your business gets up and running? Calculate how much money you need for monthly expenses, how much of a cushion you have in savings, and how much you absolutely must make each month to stay afloat.†¦show more content†¦Experience may give a beautician the expertise to render treatment, but, without proper training, she would be unaware of the merits and demerits of procedures. Have a short but clear salon procedures manual in place as soon as you can, and give each employee a contract when they start. These documents are usually easy to find on the internet and you can then customize them to your business. It will save you a lot of headaches in the long run if you are set up properly at the beginning. Welcoming Clients 1. Create a clean and safe atmosphere. Salons thrive on an environment that is clean, safe and relaxing, where customers can receive prompt and professional service. Cleanliness is a particularly important element that can draw clients in again and again. Be sure your towels, foot baths, and other equipment’s are washed, clean and odor-free. Keep your tools sharp and current. Your clients must be able to trust that the products and tools that you use on them are of top-notch quality and safe. You cannot afford to put your clients at risk from infections, as it could damage your reputation. Make the atmosphere relaxing. Play soft music, use gentle lighting and keep loud chatter between your employees at a minimum. 2. Offer a wide range of services (optional). This could give you a distinct advantage over those who offer only one or two types of services. Many clients prefer toShow MoreRelatedIntroduction on Beauty Salon Business864 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 21st century, beauty and make up are like the wheels of a cart or the two sides of a coin. Women are beautiful in themselves; but a little make-up does help a lot and it keeps one to make the day better and happier. Every woman wants to be pretty whether she’s young or old so the beauty salon is the place to go. Beauty salons are also like a temple; however, the difference is that we go to worship in the temple and in the beauty salon we go to be worshipped by the beauticians and by the otherRead MoreWhat You Learn in Cosmetology Schol1395 Words   |  6 PagesIn Cosmetology school, the students will learn many things. Most schools start out in the classroom for four to eight weeks. In the classroom, everyone typically learns the state law first. After that students will learn sanitation rules and procedures. He or she then moves on to the history of Cosmetology. After that, students learn the basics and fundamentals of cutting, coloring, chemical services, styling, nails, skin, and waxing. Some things that vary from school to school are the color systemsRead MoreDillard s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, And Threats1272 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation would be helpful in developing a proposal and portions would lead directly to our proposal. It will be discussed in the proposal analysis how our proposal is associated with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Dillard’s and shed some light on how these areas of research led to the proposal of Dillard’s implementing beauty salons in their existing stores across the United States. When we were thinking of Dillard’s strengths as a company we came up with three areas that weRead MoreThe Operations Management Procedures That Will Take Place At My Service Oriented Salon Based Business985 Words   |  4 Pagesservice oriented salon based business. I will also describe the inputs, operations processes, and outputs that pertain to â€Å"Eli’s Beauty Services†. In addition, I will describe how customer needs will be addressed in my business and the beauty shop’s core competencies. Moreover, I will identify competitors, compare my service offerings to theirs, and elaborate upon the quality unique distinction of my business from rivals. The Service Oriented Business My business will provide beauty and relaxationRead MoreSalon Evaluation Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesProject @ Cosmo Beauty Academy â€Å"Salon Design amp; Build† By Thomas Blazak amp; Felicia Rosales The purpose of this essay is to inform you of how we would build a booth rental salon in an existing building. In this essay you will find the projected overall cost of the tenant improvements to the existing building, the projected start up cost of the new salon, and the overall budget analysis of income vs. expenses. We will start with a generalized business plan of operating a salon with 4 hairstylistsRead MoreCreating a Business- Original Writing Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesCreating a Business- Original Writing For my GCSE business studies coursework I am going to create a business. The name of my business will be â€Å"paradise palace† as I am creating a beauty and tanning salon. There are two types of business organisations that I could create they are sole trader and partnership. The first type of business organisation tat I could choose is sole trader. This is a person who trades by himself/herself without the use of a company structureRead MoreInterview Analysis : Dehra Battle1211 Words   |  5 PagesThe entrepreneur that I choose to interview was, Dehra Battle. She is the owner and stylist at her own salon called, Hair Savvy Hair and Nail Salon. The salon opened up on the Spring of 2010. I have known Dehra for the past 10 years. She has been my personal hair stylist for the last 10 years. Being a close family friend, I have seen her trials and tribulations with opening her own salon. I choose Dehra, because she is a wonderful and hard working woman, who put her passion for helping others withRead MoreMy Experience At Hair Savvy Hair And Nail Salon1107 Words   |  5 PagesThe entrepreneur I interviewed was, Dehra Battle. She is the owner and stylist at Hair Savvy Hair and Nail Salon. The salon opened up on the Spring of 2010. I have known Dehra for the past 10 years. She has been my personal hair stylist for the last 10 years. Being a close family friend, I have witness ed her trials and tribulations with being an entrepreneur. I choose Dehra, because she is a wonderful and hard working woman; she has a passion for helping others with self esteem by creating signatureRead MoreThe Treatment Of Massage Therapy1095 Words   |  5 Pages Many cosmetologists dream of getting their license and wanting to start their own business or salon. But running a salon is not as easy as it sounds. One of the hardest part about running a salon is to keep the clients that you have accumulated throughout your hard work. Without the clients there s no money and the business goes down. Maintaining the available budget is also one of the hardest things about running a salon. There are many products that will need to be bought, bills to pay staffRead MoreExploring Cosmetology Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagescosmetologist does? Do you think you have the skill and patience it takes to become a cosmetologist? The basics of becoming a cosmetologist and why it is so commo n in today’s world will be explained in the following paragraphs. â€Å"A cosmetologist is a beauty specialist who is educated in treating the hair, skin, and nails† (McKay). Some of the services that are required of a cosmetologist include but are not limited to: shampooing, hair, treating disorders, haircuts or trims, and styling hair (Chronicle

The Battle Of Antietam By Robert E. Lee - 1412 Words

The Battle of Antietam was battled on September 17, 1862. Union armed force led by General George B. McClellan battled against the Confederate Army led by General Robert E. Lee. The fight was battled along the Antietam Creek close Sharpsburg, Maryland. The union armed force lost more than twelve thousand men, while the confederate armed force lost around ten thousand men. General Robert E. Lee barely got away thrashing this fight and the absence of men cause him and his armed force to withdraw back to Virginia. McClellan started his military profession by entering the United States Military Academy in 1842. He graduated second in a class of 59 in 1846. He was selected as a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers and served under General Winfield Scott during the Mexican-American War. Upon the flare-up of the Civil War, Ohio Governor William Dennison selected McClellan significant general of Ohio Volunteers on April 23, 1861. This advancement, alongside the backing of Governor Denison, urged Lincoln to commission McClellan a noteworthy general in the Regular Army, making him one of the most astounding positioned personal in the administration under just Winfield Scott. He then commanded forces during the Rich Mountain battle in what is currently West Virginia to guarantee that the segment of the state would not be completely taken by Confederates. This achievement joined with the thrashing of General Irvin McDowell at the skirmish of First Bull Run, droveShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Antietam By Robert E. Lee1046 Words   |  5 Pageswas fought between the North (Union) and the south. The Battle of Antietam took place on September 17, 1862 near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and it was the bloodiest day in American history. Before the battle, the confederacy had a better chance of winning the war. Conflict arose between McClellan and Robert E. Lee which sparked the invasion of the north and the beginning of a long war. McPherson argued in his novel that the battle of Antietam was the turning point of the Civil War. In the beginningRead MoreTaking a Look at Abraham Lincoln833 Words   |  3 PagesRegular Infantry. He was also a general in the Civil War. Even though Anderson’s illness put him in charge, Sherman’s apparently unreasonable requests for more men and supplies led to his removal. He redeemed himself with his courageous action at the Battle of Shiloh earning him the rank of major general. His act of bravery helped Lincoln win the war. â€Æ' Jefferson Davis Named after Thomas Jefferson, the President of the Confederate States of America, Davis was born February 19th, 1809, in Todd CountyRead MoreRobert E Lee: A True American Hero Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican History; Robert Edward Lee. Robert Edward Lee was a general in the American Civil War. He led his men and stood with them in each and every they were in and got many of them out safely. Robert E. Lee was born on January 19, 1807 at Stratford in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the youngest son of Major-General Henry â€Å"Light Horse Harry† Lee and his second wife, Ann Hill (Carter) Lee. His siblings from his father’s first wife are Philip Ludwell Lee, Lucy Grymes Lee, Henry Lee, and NathanielRead MoreThe Battle of Chancellorsville Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The battle of Chancellorsville was a battle that was fought for nine days from April 29 to May 6, 1863 as part of the Civil War. To be more precise, the battle of Chancellorsville took place in the vicinity of Fredericksburg where other two battles took place. The Confederate army was led by General Robert E. Lee, while the Union army was led by Major General Joseph Hooker. Impressively, General Hooker’s army was composed with as many as 130,000 soldiers. The Union army was veryRead MoreCivil War : A War Between Citizens Of The Same Country1609 Words   |  7 Pagespersistent to have slaves. They worried that the North would be successful in abolishing slavery, so in result, the South went against the North. There were many elements that the Civil War was know for, some of the main ones were causes, key figures, battles, and the outcome of the war. Before looking into things that happened during the Civil War, it is important to know the causes of the war, two causes are their different life style and sectionalism. The first problem was that the North and SouthRead MoreA Brief Note On Civil War And Its Effects On The United States1602 Words   |  7 Pagespersistent to have slaves. They worried that the North would be successful in abolishing slavery, so in result, the South went against the North. There were many elements that the Civil War was known for, some of the main ones were causes, key figures, battles, and the outcome of the war. Before looking into things that happened during the Civil War, it is important to know the causes of the war, two causes are their different lifestyle and sectionalism. The first problem was that the North and South hadRead MoreThe Civil War1055 Words   |  5 Pageswhat led to the start of the Civil War and what happened as soon as President Abraham Lincoln was elected to office. Then to add in the action the story line will tell about major battles of the war to include the battle of Bull Run, the seven days battle at Richmond, the second battle of Bull Run, and the battle at Antietam. Then comes the Emancipation Proclamation and what it brought about to the United States of America. So please sit back, relax, and enjoy the information this story has to offerRead MoreThe Battle Of Antietam And The Civil War876 Words   |  4 Pagessentence perfectly represents the Battle of Antietam as a turning point in the Civil War and its effect on America decades later. The small step was one man s step on the moon just like the Battle of Antietam was just another battle during the Civil War, but they were short and impactful events that revolutionized their fields. America s advances in science and technology would not be the same without that one step on the moon. Similarly, without this one battle, America s modern beliefs on slaveryRead MoreThe Battle Of Northern Virginia1504 Words   |  7 Pages22, 717 total casualties, the Battle of Antietam will go down as the bloodiest battle in American history, even surpassing Pearl Harbor and even to the surprise of many, D-Day. This battle was one of many in the Maryland campaign for the Confederacy, but this battle will cost the Confederacy many lives that will be of more significance to the Confederacy then the Union, as they have a larger population to pull troops from. The Battle of Antietam was fought in the city of Sharpsburg, Maryland in SeptemberRead MoreThe Battle Of Antietam And The Civil War985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle of Antietam, or The Battle of Sharpsburg as the South would call it, took place on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek. This was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. The American Civil War was beginning its second year of combat. As the Confederate States of America came close to winning the war, independence was well on its way. At first the result of the battle was controversial, as it could not be determined

Conceptualization of Culture and Language in Post Colonial Literature free essay sample

Culture and Language are the major issues in the post colonial theory. My assignment will deal with these three factors in terms of colonial perspectives. The post colonialism mainly explores the ideas such as cultural diversity, geographical dimensions, Diasporas, race, ethnicity, marginality, hybridity, national identities, cultural transformation, changes and politics in language etc†¦ Considerations of hybridity run the range from existential to material, political to economic, yet this discussion will not be able to tease out the extensive implications of each consideration. Rather, this discussion aims to explore the notion of hybridity theoretically, synthesizing the vast body of literature to critique essentialist notions of identity as fixed and constant. According to my understanding of Hybridity, there are three ways in which hybridity might serve as a tool for deconstructing the rigid labels that maintain social inequities through exclusion in race, language and nation. By exploring how the hybrid rejects claims of bonds within race, language, and nation, I understood that cultural studies like these are imperative in considering the politics of representation. For the purposes of this discussion, the cultural hybridity refers to the integration of cultural bodies, signs, and practices from the colonizing and the colonized cultures. The contemporary cultural landscape is an amalgam of cross-cultural influences, blended, patch-worked, and layered upon one another. Unbound and fluid, culture is hybrid and interstitial, moving between spaces of meaning. The notion of cultural hybridity has existed far before it was popularized in postcolonial theory as culture arising out of interactions between â€Å"colonizers† and â€Å"the colonized†. However, in this time after imperialism, globalization has both expanded the reach of Western culture, as well as allowed a process by which the West constantly interacts with the East, appropriating cultures for its own means and continually shifting its own signifiers of dominant culture. This hybridity is woven into every corner of society, from trendy fusion cuisine to Caribbean rhythms in pop music to the hyphenated identities that signify ethnic Americans, illuminating the lived experience of ties to a dominant culture blending with the cultural codes of a Third World culture. Framing Cultural Hybridity in post colonial context; Among postcolonial theorists, there is a wide consensus that hybridity arose out of the culturally internalized interactions between â€Å"colonizers† and â€Å"the colonized† and the dichotomous formation of these identities. Considered by some the father of hybrid theory, Homi Bhabha argued that colonizers and the colonized are mutually dependent in constructing a shared culture. His text The Location of Culture (1994) suggested that there is a â€Å"Third Space of Enunciation† in which cultural systems are constructed. In this claim, he aimed to create a new language and mode of describing the identity of Selves and Others. Bhabha says: It becomes crucial to distinguish between the semblance and similitude of the symbols across diverse cultural experiences such as literature, art, music, Ritual, life, death and the social specificity of each of these productions of meaning as they circulate as signs within specific contextual locations and social systems of value. The transnational dimension of cultural transformation migration, diaspora, displacement, relocation makes the process of cultural translation a complex form of signification. The naturalized, unifying discourse of nation, peoples, or authentic folk tradition, those embedded myths of cultures particularity, cannot be readily referenced. The great, though unsettling, advantage of this position is that it makes you increasingly aware of the construction of culture and the invention of tradition. In using words like â€Å"diaspora, displacement, relocation,† Bhabha illustrates the dynamic nature of culture, and the flimsy consistency of the historical narratives that cultures rely upon to draw boundaries and define themselves. As a result, culture cannot be defined in and of it, but rather must be seen within the context of its construction. More significantly, Bhabha draws attention to the reliance of cultural narratives upon the other. In illuminating this mutual construction of culture, studies of hybridity can offer the opportunity for a counter-narrative, a means by which the dominated can reclaim shared ownership of a culture that relies upon them for meaning. This theoretical erspective will serve as the foundation for the considerations explored in this paper, employing hybridity as a powerful tool for liberation from the domination imposed by bounded definitions of race, language, and nation. RACE: Racial hybridity, or the integration of two races which are assumed to be distinct and separate entities, can be considered first in terms of the physical body. Historically, the corporeal hybrid was birthed from two symbolic poles, a bodily representation of colonizer and colonized. These mixed births, mestizo, mulatto, muwallad, were stigmatized as a physical representation of impure blood, and this racism long served as a tool of power that maintained that even in this blending of two bodies, just â€Å"one drop† of black blood would deem the body impure and alien, an abomination. Institutionalized racism created a perpetual state of ambiguity and placelessness for the hybrid body and prevented cultural inclusion via race. However, the expanse of immigration since colonialism and the spectrum of shades of visible difference point to an increasingly hybrid populace in which these classifications of black and white no longer carry the same power of representation, yet the old labels persist. This labeling is significant as it elucidates the continuing power of racial labels in a society set on fixing bodies in racial space by binding them to labels, which are understood to contain fixed truths. I argue that utilizing the conceptual tool of hybridity to deconstruct these labels allows a means by which hybrid individuals can come together in powerful solidarity, rather than allowing their ambiguous place in racial space to render them invisible. Harnessing racial hybridity to project the simultaneously unique but common experience of hybridity can be a means by which the individual subject can join to a marginal community through stories and partial memories. Furthermore, racial hybridity must harness the dualistic experience of passing, or being mistaken for a race other than one’s own. All identities involve passing to some extent, in that a subject’s self can never truly match its image, but racial passing implicitly deconstructs the boundaries of Black and White. In passing, hybridity might function not as a conflict or struggle between two racial identities, but instead as constant movement between spaces, passing through and between identity itself without origin or arrival. The freedom to move between identities carries its own power in defying the claims of essentialized racial identity. Furthermore, the bounded labels of race do not account for the historical and geographic narratives that lie behind each body and inform their identity. In â€Å"Black Africans and Native Americans†, Jack Forbes explores the disconnect between racial labels and the consciousness of the bodies behind them using Native Americans and Africans as examples by which â€Å"groups are forced into arbitrary categories render their ethnic heritage simple rather than complex†. As a result, hybridity calls into question the boundaries of racial consciousness as a hybrid consciousness defies the imposed limits of race. The management of these identities becomes its own sort of performance, as the body negotiates each consciousness in different spaces. Again, the ability to play multiple roles, to â€Å"pass† in different arenas, carries significant power. In embodying the inability to bind identities to race, racial hybridity both in the physical body and in consciousness offers a means of deconstructing the boundaries of dichotomous racial identities. In addition to race, language has long been bound in definitions as a symbol of nation and a mode of exclusion. As a means to connect with other social beings, communicating with language is a meaningful performance in that speaking requires two parties, one to perform language and an audience to observe and absorb language. During colonialism, as the colonizer’s language dominated national institutions, the sense of being outside and â€Å"othered† was instilled in the colonized as their language and means of communication was stripped away. Now in a time after colonialism, can the colonized ever reclaim a language long lost, or has the colonizer’s language become their own? Has ownership of the colonizer’s language expanded over time? Fanon’s theorizing addresses the power of language in the formation of identity as he says, â€Å"To speak . . . means above all to assume a culture, to support the weight of a civilization,†. He suggests that speaking the language of the colonizer stands in as acceptance or coercion into accepting a role in culture. Yet in accepting a role, whether by choice or force, the meaning of the culture shifts and evolves. No longer does it â€Å"belong† to the colonizer, as it relies upon the colonized to give it shape. Similarly, with the introduction of a new set of users performing a language, the language no longer exists as it was; it has shifted in meaning. Beyond the thematic implications of language, hybridity has inspired an immense movement in literary discourse and understandings of the very way language is managed and owned. Herskovits developed the notion of syncretism, a theory attempting to explain why certain cultural forms are carried and others lost. Similarly, Claude Levi-Strauss developed the term bricolage to describe mixed forms within narratives. Creolization describes the linguistic blending of dominant and subdominant cultures. These examples illustrate the broad realm of studies that have developed simply around the use of hybridized language. In an analysis of the rise of the â€Å"hybrid genre† in postmodern literature, Kapchan and Strong say, â€Å"Hybridization has become one such analytic allegory, defining lines of interest and affiliation among scholars of popular and literary culture, perhaps quite unintentionally. The extent to which these authors use the metaphor of hybridity consciously and concisely differs. That they use it, however, qualifies hybridity as one of several tropes, or forms of metaphoric predication, that most epitomize the scholarship of the last decade,† . Not only does this observation imply that the body of hybridized literature is growing, harkening to the rising voices and representations of the hybrid, but that hybridity is becoming normalized as an accepted form of literature and the purist notion of genre is diminishing. Furthermore, the use of a colonizer’s language by the colonized to speak of the crimes of colonialism is its own transgression and act of resistance. In taking ownership of the language, changing the way that it is used, the boundaries of language as belonging to a specific place or race are dissolved. Jahan Ramazani’s Hybrid Muse is an analytical review of the poetry that has arisen from the hybridization of the English muse with the long-resident muses of Africa, India, the Caribbean, and other decolonizing territories of the British Empire (2001). A hybrid himself, Ramazani suggests that the use of indigenous metaphors, rhythms, creoles, and genres has allowed a new form of poetry that not only speaks of the violence and displacement of colonialism, but embodies it in its very form. These hybrid poetries can be viewed as a gateway to understanding those once deemed unfamiliar, and hybridity of language becomes a way by which to deconstruct borders and relate to collectives across cultural boundaries. Further, hybridity must interrogate the notion that nationality is essential zed in a distinct culture that geographic borders somehow embody inherent knowledge or truth about the people they contain. Mamdani asks, â€Å"How do you tell who is indigenous to the country and who is not? Given a history of migration, what is the dividing line between the indigenous and the nonindigenous? . He addresses the nationalist concern over entitlement to nation, and the indigenous wish to lay claim to culture. I understood that theories of hybridity, in clarifying the shifting and indefinite nature of culture, can serve as a tool that complicate the nationalist exclusionary practice of determining who does and does not have claim to a nation. From health care to immigration, h is arguments resonate loudly with current events. Similarly, we must consider the ways in which the â€Å"things† that give culture meaning are unfixed and variable, negating essentialist arguments about inherent meanings of culture. In The Predicament of Culture, James Clifford (1988) analyzes sites including anthropology, museums, and travel writing to take a critical ethnography of the West and its shifting relationships with other societies. He demonstrates how â€Å"other† national cultures are in fact fictions and mythical narratives, and we must ask the question of representation and who has the authority to speak for a group’s identity. In his article â€Å"Diasporas†, he suggests that â€Å"The old localizing strategies by bounded community, by organic culture, by region, by center and periphery may obscure as much as they reveal†. Diaspora is defined as a history of dispersal, myths/memories of the homeland, alienation in the host country, desire for eventual return, ongoing support of the homeland, and a collective identity importantly defined by this relationship. In this consideration of culture, we understand the vast connotations of displacement, from asking which history the diasporic should identify with to asking if it is even possible to return to a homeland one never knew or left long ago. Second, in the representation of culture, be it by petrifying culture in a museum or nailing it to an anthropological account, the risk lies in taking these subjective moments as truths or knowledge. Furthermore, the far-reaching diasporic symbols and narratives that snowball into this thing we call national culture suggest that culture is itself a traveler collecting artifacts from various locations along the way, and its walls are too insubstantial to be used as a means of exclusion. Third and perhaps most significant, hybridity in a postcolonial world muddles the very definitions of culture by which nations define themselves. Given that nationalism is founded upon a collective consciousness from shared loyalty to a culture, one would assume this culture is well-defined. Yet the â€Å"solid† roots of historical and cultural narratives that nations rely upon are diasporic, with mottled points of entry at various points in time. An investigation of the roots of cultural symbols like folk stories, religion, and music would reveal sources varied and wide-ranging. Furthermore, culture is defined in relationship to other cultures. Edward Said’s Orientalism (1979) offers a strong description of the system by which nations appropriate from others to define themselves. He suggests Orientalism â€Å"has helped to define Europe as its contrasting image, idea, personality, experience†. Using a theoretical framework influenced by Gramsci’s notion of hegemonic culture and Foucault’s notion of discourse, Said draws significant attention to the intricate and complex process by which the West must use the East to construct itself, its culture, its meaning. In an illuminating excerpt describing the process of Orientalism, he writes: To formulate the Orient, to give it shape, identity, definition with full recognition of its place in memory, its importance to imperial strategy, and its ‘natural’ role as an appendage to Europe; to dignify all the knowledge collected during colonial occupation with the title ‘contribution to modern learning; when the natives had neither been consulted nor treated as anything except as pretexts for a text whose usefulness was not to the natives; to feel oneself as a European in command, almost at will, of Oriental history, time, and geography to make out of every observable detail a generalization and out of every generalization an immutable law about the Oriental nature, temperament, mentality, custom, or type; and, above all, to transmute living reality into the stuff of texts, to possess actuality mainly because nothing in the Orient seems to resist one’s powers. † In a st ream of fragments, Said shows the diverse processes by which dominant cultures are formed at the service of Others. Using words like â€Å"shape,† â€Å"definition,† and â€Å"transmute,† he describes the act of defining nation and the artificial nature of these boundaries. Said offers a theoretical means by which to reject nationalist divisions between an us and Them, a West and Other. This conceptualization of the ways in which nations determine not only their own national identities, but the identities of Other is powerful in revealing the inherently hybrid roots of national culture. Studies of national identity are thus essential in deconstructing xenophobic nationalist claims to nation and the resulting miscegenation of immigrant Others. CONCLUSION This discussion draws from the body of postcolonial literature to suggest that studies of cultural hybridity are powerful in probing the bounded labels of race, language, and nation that maintain social inequalities. By examining how the hybrid can deconstruct boundaries within race, language, and nation, I understood that hybridity has the ability to empower marginalized collectives and deconstruct bounded labels, which are used in the service of subordination. In essence, hybridity has the potential to allow once subjugated collectivities to reclaim a part of the cultural space in which they move. Hybridity can be seen not as a means of division or sorting out the various histories and diverse narratives to individualize identities, but rather a means of reimagining an interconnected collective. Like the skin on a living body, the collective body has a surface that also feels and â€Å"Borders materialize as an effect on intensifications of feeling and individual and collective bodies surface through the very orientations we take to objects and others,† In the description that Formations our orientations can be shifted, our feelings towards Others transformed, there is a possibility of redefining our exclusionary systems of labeling. Furthermore, breaking down immaterial borders through explorations of hybridity offers the possibility of more effective public policy, one that refers to the broad expanse of its diverse population. Frenkel and Shenhav did an illuminating study on the ways in which studies of hybridity have allowed management and organization studies to manage their longstanding western hegemonic practices and to incorporate postcolonial insights into the organizational literature revolving around the relationships between Orientalism and organizations. The willingness of institutions to reform their long held ideologies in light of a changing world, as well as to consider their work through alternative lenses, is an essential practice in deconstructing the bindings of narratives-as-knowledge. In the boundary-shifting process, there is power in the notion of deconstruction in the service of reconstruction, breaking down boundaries in order to form a more inclusive sense of the collectivity. Furthermore, hybridity asserts the notion that representations of collective identity must be analyzed contextually. When we examine a representation of culture, be it in a film, poem, or speech, we should ask: Who is doing the representing? What are the implications of the representation? Why are they engaging in the process of representation? What is the historical moment that informs the representation? How are they being represented? In addition to the questions explored in this paper, I would recommend applying theories of hybridity to a realm beyond race and nation, in order to consider alternative boundaries such as gender and sexuality. The work of hybrid theorists from Bhabha to Said suggests that there is a vast intellectual landscape for cultural inquiries like these. Our mission must be to continue this work and to delve deeper. Cultural studies have great potential to liberate us from the socially-given boundaries that so stubbornly limit our capacity for thought and discussion, but we must take time to join in a collective critique of the knowledge we ingest and disperse. After all, the greatest power lies in the heart of the collective.

Router Simulation Essay Example

Router Simulation Essay Assignment 2: Network protocols numbers 1. What organization has been given the responsibility for assigning protocol numbers? ICANN – The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 2. Determine the protocol numbers for the protocol names: Protocol| Number| IPv4| 4| IPv6| 41| TCP| 6| UDP| 17| ICMP| 1| VRRP| 112| IPSEC ESP| 50| L2TP| 115| OSPF| 89| EIGRP| 88| 3. Determine the correct ICMP type based on the description provided: ICMP Message Description| Type| Code*| Echo| 8| | Echo Reply| 0| | Time Exceeded| 11| 0| Port Unreachable| 3| 3| Fragmentation Needed| 3| 4| 4. What are the valid ranges of protocol numbers? 0-65535 5. What protocol number(s) is/are specified for experimentation and testing? 253 and 254 6. What organization has been given the responsibility for assigning port numbers, sometimes referred to as â€Å"Well Known Ports or Registered Ports†? IANA 7. Determine the protocol numbers for the protocol names: Port| Application / Protocol| TCP -23| telnet| TCP -443| HTTPS| UDP -53| Domain name system| UDP -123| Network time protocol| TCP -110| Post office protocol v3| TCP -25| Simple mail transfer protocol| TCP -80| HTTP| UDP -88| kerberos| TCP -22| SSH| UDP -161| Simple network management| 8. What numeric range is commonly referred to as the â€Å"well-known ports†? 0 to 1024 9. What numeric port range is commonly used by clients in a client -gt; server communication session? 0 to 1023 10. What do you believe would be the result of installing and configuring a web server to â€Å"listen† on ports other than 80 and 443? 8080 We will write a custom essay sample on Router Simulation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Router Simulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Router Simulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. http://www. icann. org/en/about/learning/glossary 2. http://www. iana. org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers. xhtml 3. http://www. nthelp. com/icmp. html 4. http://www. tcpipguide. com/free/t_TCPIPApplicationAssignmentsandServerPortNumberRang-2. htm 5. http://www. networksorcery. com/enp/protocol/ip. htm 6. http://technet. microsoft. com/en-us/library/cc959828. aspx 7. https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers#External_links 8. http://www. webopedia. com/quick_ref/portnumbers. asp

Environmental Security as an Approach to Threats Posed by Global Environmental Change

Introduction Climate change concerns and its effects on human security have characterised many international development debates (Barnett Adger 2007; Barnett et al. 2010; Campbell 2009). In this debate, some researchers believe environmental issues do not share a direct relationship with human security issues, while other researchers say both concepts have a direct relationship.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Environmental Security as an Approach to Threats Posed by Global Environmental Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both views exist within one continuum of environmental security analysis. On one end is the traditional thinking (realist thinking) that proposes a limited conception of human security, which excluded environmental issues, while the other end of the continuum adopts a new and broad definition of human security, which includes climate change. This paper critically evaluates both argume nts and shows that while it is important to acknowledge the changing nature of human security issues, people should understand how this new conception of human security issues interact with other discourses. To understand this fact, this paper first explains the new human security view. New Human Security View Proponents of the new human security view have widely used the concept to explain international politics and international peace (Barnett 2003; Kaplan 1994). For example, Busby (2007) and Mathews (1989) say we need to expand our definition of human security. They also say, for a long time, people have perceived security through lenses that do not show the new realities of climate change (Busby 2007; Mathews 1989). Similarly, the United Nations (1987) says many countries are quickly realising that it is impossible to separate economic developmental from environmental issues. For example, many human activities have caused resource conflicts through environmental degradation, the reby threatening the bedrock that supports human cohesion (Webersik 2010). The relationship between these two factors (environmental sustainability and human security) manifests in different ways. For example, the United Nations (1987) says poverty is both a â€Å"cause† and â€Å"effect† of environmental degradation. Therefore, it is futile to understand both concepts in isolation. Such concerns led the UN to set up the 1983 World Commission on Environment and Development (it includes environmental factors in understanding human security).Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on the above assertion, Mathews (1989) believes that environmental strains are eroding the boundaries that defined international borders, and national sovereignty. This view prompted him to highlight the need to change human production factors that have supported civilisation. Mas on (2005) also believes there is a strong need to understand human security issues through environmental lenses because this new framework recognises the danger that human societies face if they continue to ignore the impact of their economic activities. Relative to this view, Brown et al. (2008) say, â€Å"In recent years, our traditional ideas about security have unravelled. No longer do the main threats to our security come from the massed armies of hostile neighbours—but from terrorism, epidemic disease, organised crime, conflict over natural resources and environmental degradation† (1). Mason (2005) advances the above view through ethical arguments because he says that ignoring the impact of climate change on human security creates an accountability problem. Particularly, he stresses this point by highlighting the transnational and global hazards of climate change (Mason 2005). Unlike other researchers, Mathews (1989) paints a more positive outlook on the environm ental-security issue by saying the global environment could support increased human populations if societies adapt to the new realities of climate change. Relative to the above conceptions of human security issues, Mathew Fraser (2002) believe broadening security definitions to include non-military issues, changes the role of the state in human security matters. For example, within the new security framework, the roles of transnational and sub-national non-state actors increase. Technological innovation, increased information flows, and globalisation have helped such non-state actors to increase their influence in security matters (Mathew Fraser 2002). Overall, human security interests do not align with national economic interests.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Environmental Security as an Approach to Threats Posed by Global Environmental Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Khagram et al. (2003) agr ee with the view of Mason (2005) when they say that the limited role of the state in this new conception of security is justifiable because human societies are the main victims of climate change. Indeed, states are not the main victims of climate change because the latter has immediate and direct effects on people’s livelihoods (Moran 2011). For example, although water scarcity may not necessarily lead to war, it could easily cause death from drought, dehydration, low food production, and similar calamities. Similar to the above view, Kaplan (1994) sums up the danger that human societies face from climate change by saying, â€Å"environmental scarcity inflames existing hatred† (p. 56) among communities. Traditional Thinking of Human Security Unlike the above researchers, proponents of the traditional view of security do not believe people should link climate change with human security. For example, Paris (2001) doubts the practicality of using a broad human security vi ew for academic and policy-making purposes. He says the concept lacks a precise definition because, like sustainable development, everyone supports it, but few people have a clear definition of its meaning (Paris 2001). Secondly, Paris (2001) contends that human security holds together different institutions and organisations (such as non-governmental organisations and middle power states) which want to shift the balance from conventional national security issues to newer approaches of security to support their international development goals. Therefore, he believes the these organisations have biased views (Paris 2001). Detraz Betsill (2009) also agree that there is no link between climate change and human security issues. They say both concepts fall within two frameworks of â€Å"environmental conflict† and â€Å"environmental security† and believe the new debate that links climate change and human security issues have only engaged â€Å"environmental security† issues (Detraz Betsill 2009). Therefore, a discursive shift has not occurred. They also say the shift would be counterproductive because it would slow people’s resolve to find the real solutions to climate change (Detraz Betsill 2009). Deudney (1990) supports this view by saying there is no relationship between climate change and political conflicts.Advertising Looking for assessment on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He says it is self-defeating and dangerous to link the two concepts because human security and environmental concerns do not emerge from the same concerns. Based on the same view, he says environmentalists often exaggerate the prospects of war from climate change concerns. Comprehensively, Deudney (1990) believes climate change does not affect national security, but the institutions and mindsets that created it. Cudworth Hobden (2011) also support the above view and say that merging environmental and security issues create two frameworks for understanding human security issues. These two approaches show that human societies â€Å"cause† climate change and climate change leads to insecurity (Cudworth Hobden 2011). He cautions that this approach should not ignore complex human relations (complexity theory) that regulate this relationship. In an unrelated context, O’Brien (2006) believes that most people are missing the point about the relationship between human securit ies and environmental change. He says the debate should shift from determining if environmental disasters are products of climate change, or not, to debates that explore if human societies could manage such disasters (O’Brien 2006). Nonetheless, many human societies are unable to cope with these adverse environmental effects. Therefore, they compromise human security. Based on these assertions, O’Brien (2006) de-links environmental change from human security. He says human security depends on people’s preparedness to handle climate change. Therefore, if societies could manage the effects of climate change, there would be no concerns about human security issues. Redclift (2001) agrees with the above view. However, he says researchers have failed to include other discourses of environmental sustainability when they associate the concept with human security. Mainly, he says researchers need to include changing human security and natural resource issues when explain ing the relationship between both concepts (Redclift 2001). He believes that by doing so, researchers would easily broaden security and sustainability concepts (Redclift 2001). This approach would also give them a broader insight into human security issues, within an environmental framework. Conclusion After weighing the traditional and new thinking of human security issues, this paper shows that science has often portrayed environmental problems as â€Å"scientific† and not â€Å"security† problems. This view largely defines traditional thoughts of human security. The broadened definition of human security suggests a strong interrelationship between science and security issues. This new thinking is important in managing today’s complex human security issues. Based on this fact, the new thinking of human security should guide future debates because it approaches the problem holistically. However, while it is important to acknowledge the changing nature of human security issues, people should understand how new human security views merge with other discourses (especially those that define traditional thinking) because human security is a complex phenomenon. References Barnett, J 2003, ‘Security and Climate Change’, Global Environmental Change, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 7–17. Barnett, J Adger, N 2007, ‘Climate change, human security and violent conflict’, Political Geography, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 639-655. Barnett, J, Matthew, R, O’Brien, K, McDonald, B 2010, Global Environmental Change and Human Security, MIT Press, Cambridge. Brown, O, Crawford, A Campeau, C 2008, Environmental Change and the New Security Agenda Implications for Canada’s security and environment. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Busby, J 2007, Climate Change and National Security: An Agenda for Action. Web. Campbell, K 2009, Climatic Cataclysm: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implica tions of Climate Change, Brookings Institution Press, Washington. Cudworth, E Hobden, S 2011, ‘Beyond environmental security: complex systems, multiple inequalities and environmental risks’, Environmental Politics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 42-59. Detraz, N Betsill, M 2009, ‘Climate Change and Environmental Security: For Whom the Discourse Shifts’, International Studies Perspectives, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 303–320. Deudney, D 1990, ‘The Case Against Linking Environmental Degradation and National Security’, Millennium – Journal of International Studies, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 461-476. Kaplan, R 1994, ‘The Coming Anarchy’, The Atlantic Monthly, vol. 273, no. 2, pp. 44-76. Khagram, S, Clark, W Raad, D 2003, ‘From the Environment and Human Security to Sustainable Security and Development’, Journal of Human Development,  vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 289-313. Mason 2005, The New Accountability: Environmental responsibility Acro ss Borders, Earthscan, London. Mathew, R Fraser, L 2002, Global Environmental Change and Human Security: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues. Web. Mathews, J 1989, ‘Redefining Security’, Foreign Affairs, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 162-177. Moran, D 2011, Climate Change and National Security: A Country-Level Analysis, Georgetown University Press, Washington. O’Brien, K 2006, ‘Are we missing the point? Global environmental change as an issue of human security’, Global Environmental Change, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–3. Paris, R 2001, ‘Human Security: Paradigm Shift or Hot Air’, International Security, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 87–102. Redclift, M 2001, ‘Environmental Security and the Recombinant Human: Sustainability in the Twenty-first Century’, Environmental Values, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 289–299. United Nations 1987, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Web. Webersik, C 2010, Clim ate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges, ABC-CLIO, New York. This assessment on Environmental Security as an Approach to Threats Posed by Global Environmental Change was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Workplace Motivation

Workplace Motivation There are many different techniques that can be used in order to reward employees for a job well done. It is crucial for businesses to analyze these different methods and implement the ones that work best for them. There are many practices that a company may choose to utilize in order to motivate its team. There are extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, positive and negative motivators, as well as differentiating between individual and team or group rewards. The purpose of this paper is to examine the different methods of motivation as an attempt to find the one(s) that are most appealing to employers, individuals, and/or teams.What is the most influential way to reward workers? This is a critical question that has been pondered by many companies and employers, in which there has not yet been a definitive answer. Managers evoke various processes in order to induce the most superlative results for their company's welfare.English: Motivational SayingThe manager is propagating feelings of tr ust and confidence into the individual, thus encouraging them to accomplish more in order to increase productivity. My boss has always allowed me to not only complete my tasks without hassle but has also continued to provide me with the tools to expand my career knowledge in an effort to expand my abilities. Providing an effective rewards system is important because rewards do not always serve as a positive outcome. These rewards need to possess the ability to satisfy all employees, comparable to those offered by competitive organizations, distributed fairly and equally, and a range of incentives. With the failing economy, the organization for which I work has cut down its efforts in regard...

Paradise Lost by John Milton term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Paradise Lost by John Milton term paper - Essay Example venge over this, Satan or the Lucifer, in other words, decided to bring the downfall of man by making them to eat the forbidden fruit in the Paradise or the Garden of Eden. Consequently, one may have the temptation not to believe in Christianity by basing on the reason on what could make God allow Serpent to revenge on His creation (God) if He truly loved them. The story of the Paradise begins from hell where both the Lucifer and his followers recover from the defeat after losing the battle initially in the war they had with God. For example, they constructed a monument that they referred to the Pandemonium where they were weighing the options of making a return to battle or just to forfeit it by accepting the defeat. Consequently, they also had the considerations of exploring the new world contained in the prophesies of creation for effecting the safe infliction of their planned revenge against mankind. As a way of enforcing their mission with full force, Satan decided to undertake the task alone minus engaging his followers. He feared that his followers might suffer extreme damage or run away from him during the battle (Driven, 45). At the onset of the mission, Satan met with his offspring who were the Death and the Sin. Thereafter, they unbarred the gates for him. Satan proceeded with his journey to the chaos until he ensured that he ha s the visualization of the Universe floating next to the globe that was the heaven. Through this instance, God predicted the fall of man when He saw Satan moving in the world. In consequence, Gods son who was at His right hand decided to sacrifice himself for the purpose of saving the mankind from the wrath of destruction by Satan. However, Satan still managed to maneuver his ways into the new universe where he flew to the sun and proceeded to trick angel, Uriel into showing the direction leading to the home of the man. After the guidance to the way to the home of the man by the deceived angel Uriel, Satan managed his ways into

Ethics and moral character Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics and moral character - Essay Example As a business man his primary motive was never to amass maximum profit. On the other hand, he held that â€Å"it is the function of business to produce for consumption and not for money and speculation† (Johannes 7). Thus, he was never moved by the money motive and he brought about revolutionary changes in the twentieth century American industrial culture through such radical measures as the introduction of high wages, lower prices and increased buying power. One of the distinguishing characteristics of Ford’s business ethics was his strong belief that business should not be solely aimed at making profit. On the other hand, he held that one should maintain business ethics in all his/her enterprises keeping in mind the demands and needs of individuals and society. Once Henry Ford himself stated that â€Å"for a long time people believed that the only purpose of industry is to make a profit. They are wrong. Its purpose is to serve the general welfare† (Ciulla 31). Similarly, good business leaders should not be egocentric; they should not be moved by ego but by reason. Henry Ford was a genuine and brilliant leader who was never overtly flattered by success but who always welcomed legitimate contributions from others.

Performance at Capone’s Dinner and Show Essay Example for Free

Performance at Capone’s Dinner and Show Essay Here at Capone’s Dinner and Show located in Orlando, you’re bound to have a sensational time. The atmosphere of the whole place is brimmed and overflowing with the magical feel of 1930s Chicago. With the wonderful menu, the gorgeous, sparkling and especially entertaining girls, the old and sentimental and nostalgic ornamentations and so much more, you will definitely get lost in this secret world full of dancing, fun and entertainment. Once you step inside this hidden and undisclosed extraordinary dreamland, you’ll blood will start pumping, your body beats with excitement and you’ll certainly get an adrenaline rush. The lights, the sounds, and even the smell off the 1930s will be a very unique experience and it will be something worth seeing. A night at Capone’s Dinner and Show will guarantee a night full of laughing and enjoyment as you watch their live performances. Their live performances are surely an event you wouldn’t want to miss. It is a very interesting and amusing, absorbing and humorous, and also engaging and diverting. This spectacular event at Capone’s Dinner and Show is something that is particularly special and idiosyncratic among many speakeasies and cabarets because they provide you with musical and comedic spectacles that are always ready and present to perform for your pleasure and merriment. In this amazing production, you are able to appreciate extremely talented and facetious and hilarious actors and actresses who seem very well qualified for their tasks. These personalities are very lighthearted and they give the audience a wonderful time at the same time as they relish the wonderful menu and cooking skills of the chef at Capone’s. This, as I have said before, is a very individual and one-of-a-kind type of business due to the fact that they do not only provide god quality food and excellent embellishments but they also provide a charming cast of characters that never fail to put a smile on every customer’s face and never fail to fill the whole cabaret with loud laughs. It is not in every speakeasy or cabaret that you have a very interactive audience and it is also not in every speakeasy or cabaret that children are in the crowd of happy customers. That is another reason as to why Capone’s Dinner and Show is so remarkable and unequaled. Everyone can enjoy, even children, because it is not the type of cabaret that is indecent, indelicate or vulgar. Even little youngsters are going to be able to appreciate such a place because comical entertainment is the type that can appeal to everyone. Everyone leaves happy from Capone’s Dinner and Show and everyone is bound to have an astounding and breathtaking time.

Regulatory Framework for UK Banks

Regulatory Framework for UK Banks Introduction Berger, Molyneux and Wilson (2010) are of the view that banks provide a full range of financial services like banking, securities, and insurance under a single corporate structure and must be supported by the single capital base, the term â€Å"universal bank† has multiple meanings, but commonly it refers to the commercial banking that is making loans and collecting deposits along with investment banking in which there are issuing of underwriting and trading in securities. Ryan-Collins and Goodhart (2012) point out the broader view that universal banks offer a wide range of financial services including commercial banking, investment banking with other activities like insurance, it seems like the multipurpose financial market which provided both banking and financial services. Financial Times (2015) terms refers universal banking as financial services of retail, wholesale and investment banking services under one roof. Demirguc-Kunt (2010) refers that universal banking is a com bination of large banks operate extensive networks of branches, providing multiple services, holding claims that firms about participation in corporate management of firms. Forsyth and Verdier (2003) are of the view that universal banking began almost in 1930 to 1940 and Europe is the home of Universal Banking, although other countries also adopted it. Structure of United Kingdom Banking System Schumpeter (1939) refers the connection between banking and financial system in economic growth and it is most old history of this specified reference of this field. Beck and Rahman (2006) speculate that in the recent economic literature, banking system measures a reasonable ratio and access like banking, loan ratios in gross domestic products, and it is a direction to analyse other financial markets. Banking systems have many other multiple dimensions that bank assets may be kept in one house, the bank required few branches or a large number of branches, but it was very true in the early stages of banking when banks were in their development phase. Heffernan (1996) describes the financial system refers some points very clearly that the system can provide payments, can give support between savers and borrows and play major role in insurance against risk. The British banking industry has many changes from the last 20 years, besides forces which have the power to change the supply and demand functions, change has also been made due to domestic deregulations. Hsbcnet.com (2015) reports that The Bank of England has always shown keen interest in the structure of the financial system because financial stability may have an effect on cost and availability. Many new products emerged over the past 50 years and the United Kingdom banks have full range of financial services and become larger. United Kingdom banking system made a dramatic shift in size from past 40 years and the total assists rise from 100% to 450% of the nominal Gross Domestic Product, banking giants claiming that the UK banking system keeps this pace in future also. Salina and Peltonen (2013) describe that financial stability depends the potential impact size of UK banking, so ultimately there must be some factors behind this huge banking size, description about those factors is important and these are financial hub benefits, comparative advantages and historical factors. Bush, Knott and Peacock (2015) d escribe the size of the UK banking system as shown in figure 1.1 and figure 1.2 refers below. Size of GDP of UK Banking System (2013) Regulatory Challenges of Universal Banking Models Alworth and Bhattacharaya (1998) are in the view that in the recent decades, the banking sector has undergone due to the forces of globalization and lack of technology, secondly it is also recognized de-regulation is due to that higher degree of freedom to financial institutions as a so it requires strong supervisory authorities. Changes in the nature of banking risks, off-balance sheet business and complexity in the nature of transactions all these need strong internal risk management and strengthening of existing capital requirements in 1980 and early 1990 numbers of bank failures were due to the way banks were regulated. Quinn (2012) is in the view of that change is needed in the banking sector, there is some need to show the market trends of entry and switching are enough for competition where customer focus is on the front line. Different advance economies adopted structural bank regulation measures to face the regulatory challenges and one element is mandatory upon them that se paration of commercial banking from certain securities market activities. Treanor (2011) reported in the â€Å"Guardian†, that the United Kingdom is going to act upon Vickers Commission suggestions as a major measure the report, in which Sir John Vicker recommends to Britian biggest banks to implement reforms until 2019, this is going to be initiating after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008. Conway (2011) is in the view that Vicker’s recommendation is going through to ring-fencing in the United Kingdom banking sector. The Economist (2012) reveils the report that universal banks merging investment banking complexities with commercial banking services, in one extent it is good offering services to the customer while on the other hand analyst have no second thoughts also, the famous universal banking giant Sandy Weill, the mergers of Citigroup saying that the megabanks should be broken up. Shrivastava, Pandey and Vidyarthi (2007) describe the view that banks facing information imbalance which will cause the lack of public confidence in the banking system, so there is the need to protect it from this high risk taking by banks. Because banks are critical for mobilizing the public savings, its safety and return to savers also, so banks need for their heavy regulation in this sense also. Mostly challenges have faced by bank regulators in the early 80s, due to deregulation of economic system, financial innovation waves and internationalization of financial flows all these challenges arise the potential of doubts about the bank’s risk management procedures. Orbell and Turton (2001) speculate that banks take deposits from public to investing these deposits in risky assets and businesses, ultimately banks are in a position to take risks excessively, secondly market discipline, where these deposited are invested, is a mechanism which curb the incentive in taking excessive risk more costly for banks. So after recent events of severe market and re gulatory failure in Europe and United States a point arisen that there should be need for reforms. While on the other hand single regulator model of United Kingdom widely accepted across the globe. Regulatory Challenges, and British Economy Kim and McKenzie (2010) argue that financial crises faced globally in 2008 laid many questions for strong measures to prevent any resemblance in future, bankers, regulators, politicians or economists nobody want accept the blames of crises. Particularly in British banking which has a rich history, which spread out on centuries, founding of the Bank of England in 1694. Bank of England has always had a dominant position in the British economy while other banks were underdeveloped. So due to small in size other country banks were inherently fragile, which made to face them financial crises in early nineteenth centuries, one major example is crises of 1825, and then the first time the Bank of England understood the role of lender of last resort. Gregory (1929) quoted ‘The Economist’ that â€Å"the limited liability of the wealthy may not be expected to prove as good if not better security than the unlimited liability of the poor†. Mullineus and Murinde (2003) urges th at the in 1986, main clearing banks ranked them fully integrated banking, invested more than one billion in the securities business. British banks highly enhanced their standing globally, commercial banking was higher profit gaining business in the United Kingdom and have much concern about the level of competition. Conway (2011) describes that the time of financial crises all had become universal banks, amalgamation of commercial and investment banking activities, on the other hand Barclays, HSBC and Standard Charted faced crises without government support. Treanor (2011) describes that British’s fifth largest mortgage lender Northern Rock, is going to run on, and this disaster situation was not seen in United Kingdom from over 100 years, most dramatic symptom of Northern Rock crises indicated the low grip on financial markets in the United Kingdom. Northern Rock has good use of structured products in funding before to the crises, but still impacted by the turmoil in America ’s mortgage market. The bank has a low deposit ration to loan failed to renew its short term financing and was forced to beg to the Bank of England for assistance. As soon as news broke, the customer quickly withdrew their savings, such panic situation which was not experienced in the United Kingdom since 1866. Salina and Peltonen (2013) describe that at the time of crises United Kingdom government need to inject billions into the industry, also the Bank of England funded many banks for keeping them in running and this bail out costs raised real concerns. Some lesson has been learned from Northern Rock incidents that the regulation of banks on liquidity along capital should be centralized, because Northern Rock faced reduction in the liquidity for securities mortgages rather than the inadequacy of capital. Financial crises and reactions of Regulatory Authorities The Economist (2012) explained that after 2007 to 2010 financial crises banking and finance market faced severe consequences specially on supervision and regulation aspects, the question was not only to build the public confidence again, which is also a very difficult in its but also the future evolution of the financial industry and banks at larger scale. Regulator and supervisors worked hard after crises and there was a lot of analysis has been conducted towards the causes and their solutions. Some of the measures have been taken by regulatory authorities which describes here one by one (i) Adjusting budgetary problems; failure of banks in many countries faced the common budgetary problems, there are many ways that can affect the real economy and budgets. (ii) Rebuilding the structure of responsibilities; in 1999, the G20 was established and made lots of contributions to shaping up international finance regulation. Biannual meeting was held in the early years, but greater frequency of meeting done in 2009 and 2010 due to the issuance of declarations and progress report. Multinational agency standards have been formalized and Finance Stability Board in 2009 formed with core responsibilities of coordination between national financial authorities and international standard setter. Bank of England (2014) in its news release reveals that The Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) introduces a new (iii) accountability regime about insurance sector, PRA also consulted same regime for banking sector in July 2014. This regime will also take care and account of the need of new measures which relate to governance of individuals as a part of solvency. (iv) new international standards are coming into being both for regulatory activities for financial firms along with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Besides that there are many agreements done for betterment of the regulatory process, but it has also been clear that individual nations not waited for agreements on in ternational standards to regulate financial sectors. Financial Stability Board, (2010) issue a list of scope and scale of activities about reforms which is a) reforming compensations b) refurbish accounting standards c) strengthening supervisory and regulatory standards d) refining the regulatory perimeters. Brunnermeier et al. (2009) argue that (v) reforms in corporate governance were certainly needed to avoid futuristic failure of financial institutions and this was the main lesson to come out of the crises. (vi) Revision in remuneration structure also required as the mentioned structures of remuneration was very poor in financial institutions. The Financial Stability Board also produced some principles for solid compensation practices. (vii) Reforms in risk management practices also observed, as the failure of risk management systems is the most critical, unfortunately, it is shown in a lot of institutions like international banks specially. Johnson and Kwak (2010) speculate that the (viii) accounting reforms, accounting are a basic component of regulatory regime for example calculation of capital is cor dependent on reported, assessed values, one of the core areas of reforms is required in valuation and provisioning of accounting. One of the other lessons drawn from crises that is regarding (ix) risk identification and mitigation, actually authorities, in some views, are not good to identify or projecting the risk so capabilities to resolve these kind of issues need to be improved and financial policies need to follow proportionate principle. The bank should (x) act like a social contract, in the new regulatory paradigm, it is a major challenge that how bank again focuses on retail business, most banks are in the risk business about the turning liquid to liquid loans, while doing this job banks are badly failing in fulfilling their social contarct part and they need to build it up again. There should be (xi) new business models required as in the phase of crises no business model looked fixer of crises, the diversified banking model required in the scenario and that will help to secure the banking business as well as revenues and customers also. Salina and Peltonen (2013) posit the view that (xii) false sense of security is the core reason of financial disaster, describing further that capital provisions are important but only capital is not only sufficient to address the issue. It was also observed that (xiii) there is a need to redefine systemic risk, in current crises which reflects the unpredictable size of the losses and who will bear that losses. Loss distribution will come as battle in financial crises, bailing out also not a good practice and seems to be taking from one to give others. Regulatory Framework – Suggestions Some overhauling required in regulatory framework facing worst financial disaster in Europe and the rest of the world also, reforms are required on regulatory framework internationally in general, and the United Kingdom in particular. Including reinforcing macro-prudential oversight, giving the strength in the overall resilience of banks and shadow banking (or unregulated sectors needs to be in regulation). (i) Optimistic about pricing the assets and risks, much precaution required to observe in risk taking secondly, there is need to be more awareness about regulated and non-regulated structures on information sharing. (ii) Cross border banking resolution required in national and international approaches. (iii) Far-reaching changes required for shaping and functioning of financial institutions with the high pitch of transparency in regard to the financial instruments (iv) In future crises may differ in nature like size, type and its cross border exposure so consolidation and coordina tion among banks should required on local and international level, one other thing should remain in mind that for the survival, some business models may disappear but some may strengthen their risk management. (v) Measures which could be taken in the middle of crises need to be more supportive rather to hide them, it must be planned whether mega project should remain in the market or there is no need of them, there should be some policies without exacerbating the present crises for the long term view of financial systems. (vi) Financial sector scrutiny perimeter need to be expanded to a wider range of better prevention of banking sector and other financial institution. (vii) Management needs to encourage incentives and discourage regulatory arbitrage. (viii) Need to adopt the concept of systematic risk factoring among funding and effects of leverage. (ix) Buffering between good times and bad time, which can help for liquidity norms of capital provisioning (x) Progress required to ta ckle the regulation and resolution of cross border institutions for legal hitches. (xi) Flexibility for central banks in providing liquidity, focus also required in the attention on credit and asset booms. Many central banks, especially in emerging markets facing capital outflows so the provision for extra liquidity may more complex regarding foreign exchange reserves and may work fuel to drain for this. (xii) Better crises responses and fiscal support required from national authorities regarding to increase the concern about credit risk and realization of losses there also needs a clear exit policy for withdrawing market or transit to new markets. (xiii) Market discipline must not ineffective for constraining risk taking other than the banking sector. Consolidation rules required more strict specially for entities and risks, particularly with off balance sheet activities.

Carl Robins Essay

This case study pertains to an employee by the name of Carl Robins. He has been employed by ABC, Inc as a Campus Recruiter for six months. In early April, during Mr. Robins first six months of employment; he successfully recruited 15 new hires. The new trainees were to report to Monica Carrolls, the Operations Supervisor, as they would be working under her. (University of Phoenix, 2014) This case study analysis of Mr. Robins is in relation to the numerous issues that transpired between April and June 15th. To obtain a clear understanding of the complications that transpired, the company believes that it would be in their best interest to consult a firm to look into the company’s issues and to help solve the problems that have emerged; this may be the most effective method to identify and recommend ways to improve ABC, Inc.’s recruiting of new trainees. I. ISSUES THAT TRANSPIRED The consulting firm came into ABC, Inc. and thoroughly examined background information on the situation. There were many key problems that had been identified during the evaluation. The issues that ABC, Inc. was facing were centered on Mr. Carl Robins, ABC, Inc.’s Campus Recruiter and also on the company ABC, Inc. To begin, Mr. Robins has been with the company merely a short six months. The consulting firm believes that Mr. Robins lacks experience, training and supervision. The firm also believes that ABC, Inc. did not train him properly nor did it provide him with the knowledge he needed to proceed properly with the hiring process. He lacked experience and knowledge of the hiring process and he was still allowed to hire 15 new  trainees for the Operations Supervisor, Monica Carrolls. Although hiring 15 new trainees is great accomplishment for a new employee, this might have been too many employees to be hired at once for a first recruitment. Because he is still new to ABC, Inc., learning about day to day operations, the hiring of 15 new trainees can be overwhelming, even to the most experienced of people. Another issue Mr. Robin’s was facing, was the lack of communication between him and the other employees in the office. On May 15th, he was contacted by Monica Carrolls about the following issues: the training schedule, orientation, manuals, policy booklets, physicals, drug tests, and a host of other issues, which Carl would coordinate for the new hires. Once again, Carl assured the Operations Supervisor, Monica Carrolls, that he would have everything completed and arranged by the June 15th orientation. After further review, Carl had realized that when going through the new trainee files to finalize all the paperwork for the June 15th orientation; applications for some of the new trainees had not been completed. Also, there were no transcripts on file and none of the 15 trainees had been sent for the mandatory drug screen. Another problem Carl had was that the orientation manuals were missing several pages from each of them and he only had three copies of the manuals. Lastly, upon checking the conference room to confirm the date of the orientation, he had not realized that the conference room had been booked for the whole month of June by the Technology Services Department. There are several concerns or issues that need to be addressed and that Carl and ABC, Inc. need to rectify. Below are the listed issues of these concerns that will be discussed. Review of addressed issues: 1. Incomplete employee applications 2. Mandatory drug screens were not scheduled 3. Employee transcripts were not on file 4. Incomplete orientation manuals 5. Shortage of orientation manuals 6. Resource scheduling conflicts II. PROBLEM SOLVING SOLUTIONS After the case review of Carl Robin’s, discussion of possible solutions available to rectify the situations at hand and the proposed solutions that Mr. Robin’s should take have been reviewed. Starting with concerns and issues, numbers one through three, the incomplete employee applications; Carl needs to contact the 15 new hires and make them aware of the absence in their records and have them complete the applications that need to be submitted to the Human Resources Department along with a transcript; they also have to complete a mandatory drug screen prior to orientation. Carl needs to set a deadline for the mandatory drug screens to be completed prior to the June 15th orientation training. On the concerns and issues, number four and five, the incomplete orientation manuals and the shortage of the orientation manuals. The orientation manuals were short by 12; Carl needs to make arrangements with company in house copy person to finish completing the orientation manuals he needs or he must contact an outside company to help rectify the need for the orientation manuals. Carl needs to have a â€Å"Main Copy Manual† made for himself or the next person that is in his position. A hard copy manual is something that should be kept on file, so that pages will not be misplaced and there will always be one on file. Carl seems to lack knowledge of ABC, Inc.’s policies and procedures. He must get to know the material in the company’s orientation manual prior to the July orientation. Reading over the material prior to the orientation and also going over what he will be saying to the new hires with his own supervisor or another staff member might be a good way to go about this. Mr. Robin’s can also make key notes to have for himself during the orientation so he can be prepared prior to the training. Lastly, on issue and concern number six. ABC, Inc. must make arrangements to find a better way to coordinate the availability of the conference room or rooms. By not having arrangements in place for this, Carl currently does not have a place to hold orientation that is to take place on June 15th; due to the Technology Services Department holding training for the whole month of June. Whether the system that they choose be a calendar type paper based or web based, ABC, Inc. should have something in place so errors like these do not occur again. A recommendation of a web based calendar and have one person take control of it is suggested. III. PROPOSED COMPANY SOLUTIONS The proposed company solutions that should take place are: refer all applicants to the Human Resources Department and also for all new employees establish bimonthly or monthly start dates to coincide with the company’s pay periods. Have orientation manuals printed either by an in house copy person or have orientation manuals completed by an outside company. Lastly, ABC, Inc. must set up a calendar system for reserving the conference room and Carl needs to go ahead and reserve this room on a reoccurring basis. It will be easier to cancel the reserved room rather than to go scrambling looking for a room to hold orientation in. A web based calendar controlled by one person is what is recommended. Having upper management hold a meeting to discuss implementing the proposed solutions should be an additional step to take for all corporate management. Also, upper management should meet on a monthly basis to discuss issues that may be happening within the company and use critical thinking skills to help determine what steps they need to take to help their employees better themselves at their jobs. This will bring good morale to the company and will make for a better work environment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Carl Robins is an employee of ABC, Inc. and has been working for the company for just six months. He holds the position of Campus Recruiter and on his first recruitment hired 15 new trainees. Carl lacked supervision, knowledge and experience and was not ready for such a large task. He was missing applications and mandatory drug screenings that were needed to complete employee records. Carl also did not have proper completed orientation manuals. These issues led to a case study of Carl and ABC, Inc. and proposed solutions were recommended. The recommended solutions are as follows: 1. Refer all applicants to the Human Resources Department 2. All new employees to establish bimonthly/monthly start dates to coincide with pay periods 3. Orientation manuals to be printed in house or by outside company 4. Have a â€Å"hard copy manual† made of orientation manual 5. Set up a web based calendar system for reserving conference room or rooms It is not impossible to overcome these issues, the proposed solutions if set in place should make for a better work environment for the employees of ABC, Inc. References (2014). Case study: carl robins. University of Phoenix.

Dramatic Techniques In Hamlet Essay

In your view, how have dramatic techniques been used to reveal memorable ideas in ‘Hamlet’? Support your view with detailed reference to text. Shakespeare’s intensely theatrical revenge tragedy ‘Hamlet’ utilises dramatic techniques to explore memorable issues, which transcend through today’s context due to their universality. The morality of vengeance, inevitability of death and the detrimental consequences of illusions and corruption are issues developed through linguistic diversity and construction. Hamlet’s contemplative and scholarly nature amongst the social and religious hierarchy enforced by the Middle Ages results in his ethical and metaphysical uncertainty of these ideas and subsequent downfall as a Shakespearean hero. ‘Hamlet’ explores how the resonating conflict between appearance and reality inevitably causes disorder within society through dramatic techniques. A.C. Bradley wrote that ‘Hamlet is called upon to assert a moral order in a world of moral confusion and obscurity.’ Hamlet’s metaphoric depiction of Denmark as ‘an unweeded garden’ juxtaposed against the ceremonious kingdom portrays this illusive nature of his society. The symbolic portrayal of a mirrored room within the Castle of Elsinore in Kenneth Branagh’s 1996 film production of ‘Hamlet’ further reflects the transparency of the kingdom and how its conflicting illusions result in the inevitable disorder of society. The dramatic irony of Claudius, the murderer, appearing to grieve over his brother’s death, highlights his misleading character, reinforced through Hamlet’s shock of this ‘villain, villain, smiling damned villain!’ murdering his father, the exclamation mark and repetition increasing dramatic force and atmosphere. The conflict between appearance and reality of Claudius’ guilt thus leads to Hamlet’s confusion and ambiguity, whilst the instability of the political leaders reverberates down the structural h ierarchy. Hamlet’s acknowledgement of his Machiavellian ‘antic disposition’ foreshadows his metamorphosing passions of composure and paroxysms of fury. His lucidity and the austerity of blank verse deteriorate into fragmentary prose, portraying his apparent madness. Through his syntactic variation and language, Hamlet’s illusive persona contributes further to the moral confusion of his world and its chaotic downfall, contrary to A.C. Bradley’s comment. Thus, through dramatic techniques, Shakespeare illustrates the inevitable consequences due to the conflict between illusions versus reality, a universal issue that still transcends through today’s society. Through dramatic techniques, Shakespeare explores the inevitability of death in his tragedy ‘Hamlet’. Hamlet’s beliefs parallel with the Renaissance, an era of the rebirth of learning and contemplation over the timeless philosophical ideas of existence. The antithesis ‘to be or not to be’ in Hamlet’s soliloquy intensifies his sense of conflict on the meaning of life. His divergence and uncertainty is reinforced in his metaphoric and rhetorical questions on whether ‘to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune’ or ‘to die: to sleep- no more’. Personification of ‘this fell sergeant Death is swift in his arrest’ characterises death and highlights its inevitability. The skulls in the graveyard scene symbolise mortality, emphasising the inescapable fate for all humans. Hamlet’s anaphora ‘Alexander died, Alexander was buried, Alexander returneth to dust’ reflects on the cycle of life, the repetition lengthening his soliloquy on mortality. The following rhyming couplets ‘Imperious Caesar, dead and turned to clay, might stop a hole to keep the wind away’ loses the seriousness of the issue, his language indicating procrastination to delay the plot further. The additional placement of the graveyard scene before the final catastrophic downfall foreshadows the destined death of Hamlet, intensifying the ultimate climatic tension. Thus, through construction and language, Shakespeare explores the universal issue of mortality and the inevitability of death. The morality of vengeance is explored through various dramatic techniques in ‘Hamlet’, and resonates through time as a universal issue, allowing it to be memorable. J. Kerrigan’s interpretation ‘Hamlet knows that revenge would gratify the stern militaristic father whom he loves, and he appears to want to please him; but he cannot overcome his radical sense of its pointlessness’. Hamlet’s hyperbolic comparisons and juxtaposed imagery comparing Claudius to his father as a ‘hyperion to a satyr’ signify his intense devotion to his father, who embodies an older medieval feudal world. However, Elizabethan and Protestant views opposed revenge, causing his scholarly nature to diverge between his repressive feminine side and aggressive male side and debate the moral complexities of vengeance. Shakespeare portrays the dramatic irony of Hamlet’s inaction since he originally claims to ‘sweep to my revenge’ with metaphorical ‘wings as swift as meditation’. This reaction parallels with Laertes’ blind anger through destructive imagery and vengeful language ‘to hell allegiance, vows to the blackest devil, conscience and grace to the profoundest pit!’ However, Hamlet’s indecision is strongly juxtaposed against the impulsive characterisation of Laertes and Fortinbras, lengthening the play further and adding to a sense of delay and dramatic suspense. Through Shakespeare’s use of dramatic techniques, the universal concept on the morality of vengeance is explored in ‘Hamlet’. Shakespeare’s use of dramatic techniques in his exploration of the detrimental effects of corruption and deception allow it to be a memorable issue, which resonates within our modern world. Derek Marsh states ‘Hamlet is a noble figure, shocked by corruption yet holding beliefs in responsibility and justice which stop him yielding to despair or acquiescing in the evil.’ Repeated imagery of poison and disease reveal this ‘rank corruption, mining all within’ the ‘rotten’ state of Denmark, a rigidly structured hierarchy of the seventeenth century. The dramatic irony of Rosencrantz’s and Guildenstern’s corruption and betrayal to Hamlet increases the audience’s suspense, however the inevitable consequences of deception result in their ironic deaths and Hamlet’s decent into evil, contrary to Marsh’s comment. Hamlet’s juxtaposed imagery in his uncertainty of the ghost’s loyalty, being ‘a spirit of health’ or a ‘goblin damn’d’ reflects in his moral conflict between trust and deception, causing his detrimental inaction. Ophelia’s references to ‘rosemary’, ‘pansies’, and ‘violets’ metaphorically depict her feminine and vulnerable qualities of ‘remembrance’, ‘thoughts’, springtime and love, susceptible to the corruptive dominance of her father and brother. These strong patriarchal influences result in her ultimate madness and death, signifying the subsequent victimisation of women due to men’s power games. Thus, the universal issue of corruptive and deceptive relationships and their detrimental consequences are explored through the use of dramatic techniques. [Rhyming in the Play-within-a-play displays Hamlet’s machiavellian need to ‘catch the conscience of the king’ ( allows audience to observe both characters inside and outside this set play ( adds to suspense and intrigue of action. mounting tension + Claudius’s sudden exit] ‘Hamlet’ ultimately explores the universal ideas on the morality of vengeance, inevitability of death and the detrimental consequences of illusions and corruption. Hamlet’s conflict between these difficult ethical and metaphysical issues, results in the weakness of his mind, his hamartia, causing his ultimate downfall. Through dramatic techniques, a new dimension amplifies meaning and atmosphere, allowing the audience to experience an overall cathartic effect.

Advertising and Branding

Advertising and Branding Introduction Advertising refers to the art of creating awareness about existence of a product to the target populace in a persuasive manner that will generate the desire for the consumption of the product.1 This can be done in a number of ways. The advertiser must first determine the desired message that should reach that should reach the customer, and the meanings that will possibly be encoded.2Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising and Branding specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advertiser must also know the product positioning desired of the brand in the market. The product can be positioned as health conscious, affordable, efficient, classy, and long lasting or a combination of two or more of such factors.3 Having determined the desired product positioning, the advertiser should then identify the preferred channels of communication to pass this message. The channel will be determined by the target market, the target populace should be easily accessible through the selected targets. Chandler suggests that the encoding of the message should be done in a manner that avoids ambiguity or meaning distortion as much as possible.4 Role of Advertising â€Å"Advertising’s central function is to create desires that previously did not exist.† This statement gives the primary role of advertising. The main aim of the advertiser is to convince those who have not been using the product to try it. It means trying to achieve the maximum market share that the product can realize. Other than the need to inform customers about existence of a new product in the market or just the desire to remind them of market availability of such products, the main aim is to increase sales.5 The advertiser objective is to convince, not just to inform, the customers to try the products.6 When Pepsi positions its Mountain Dew drink as affordable and full of flavor, the intention was to bring more individual s to consume the drink. Coca cola’s advert dubbed ‘stop drinking, enjoy’ brings this view closer home. It clearly urges customers â€Å"not to take one bottle of coke, but two†. The intentions are very clear; buy more coke. These adverts are always structured in a manner that leaves the customers yearning for the experience brought about by consumption of such products. Such desires are the driving factors that would lead to demand creation of the product.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The statement that â€Å"our desires are aroused and shaped by the demands of the system of production, not by the needs of society or the individuals† has two fronts. An individual’s desire is shaped by the current demands of the society. The society has a strong influence on individual’s demand. Fashion is a factor that individual buyers li ke to take into consideration while purchasing a product.7 They do not want to appear outdated. This therefore means that the society has a great influence on customers’ desires. This is so especially among the youths. Their dress code or hairdo will always be in line with what the society currently consider classy. Having determined that the society dictates the desire of the individuals, the next step will be to determine the drivers of the society’s demands. It is a common phenomenon to see individuals having one deign of dress, but after a short while, they assume another, which they accept once again overwhelmingly. Who shapes the societal desires then? The designer, the production units, and the demands of the system of production shape the desires of the society. It therefore means that our desires are aroused and shaped by the demands of the system of production. The advertiser’s task will now be to persuade rather than to inform the society. The adverti ser must understand the fact that individual buyers that make up the entire market depend on the society’s demand to generate their desire. This society relies on the system of production to guide its desires. For this reason, an advertiser for ‘blue jeans’ must persuade the society that the garment is the most classical in the market. The bottom line is that the society must be convinced that this is the best product in the market. For an advertiser to achieve this, s/he must be in a position to persuade, not just to inform the society. The society may already be informed about the products’ presence, but the most important thing will be to convince them that the product best serves their needs. The society will in turn influence the individuals. A negatively perceived product by the society will receive the same perception by the individuals. Coca-Cola Summer Commercial 2011, Open Happiness The advertisement, found at Youtube is very artistic. It starts with a young couple lying on a beach. This couple is joined by other youths the same age. This is meant to attract youths the same age.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising and Branding specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rock music on the background is another attraction to the consumers of this age. The message is constructed in such a way that it brings out the idea that a bottle of this drinks bring out real happiness to those who are bored. The advertiser intent was to reach to the youths, convince them that coca cola is full of happiness and that it brings out the love in your partner in the best way possible. The consumers’ interpretation of this is the same as what the advertiser intended for it. The consumers’ see the happy individuals, each with a bottle of coca cola and s/he is convinced that happiness is in this drink.8 The youths, in the beach, at summer time having fun and cheerin g each other is a sign that this drink is suitable for parties and that it brings out the best in a person. However, complete avoidance of the middle aged and the aging group is a little discriminatory. It makes this group of individuals feel that this product is not meant for them. This can reduce sales among this target market. The group below 16 years of age may not also identify with this ad, and this lowers the sale in this group. This not withstanding, this advert coherently brings into focus, the idea that the brand coca-cola is sensitive to consumers’ demands. It is able to convince customers that this brand has all the happiness that one may need.9 I consider this advert to be a success. It is not only entertaining but also highly persuasive. The music, the background, the happy healthy youths, the cool blue waters the wonderful colors and the atmosphere created by all this leaves the viewer yearning to be party to it. Even the target segment that would have felt cle arly ignored by this ad would admire it and this can make them be pool members. The brand image is perfectly brought out in this advert. However, the overemphasis on the youths gives the idea that it is specifically for individuals that age. This may work against the brand in the other segment that is left out. The brand positioning therefore, should try to be as all-inclusive as it may be possible.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If given chance, I would have made a little change to the advert. This drink finds a big market in form of families. The advert does not bring out the idea that the product is suitable for a family set up. I would therefore try to bring this idea. This would bring into focus, the children who were left out by the original advert, the middle-aged and the aging. This broadens the scope of the brand. Bibliography Andrzej, A A Buchaman, Organizational behavior, Prentice Hall international, London, 2007. Bainbridge, J, Sector insight: Bottled water-Health drowns out green concerns Marketing, 2007, pp. 99. Balmond, S, Bottled water sales are booming in the UK market, Design Week Journal, vol. 20, no. 30, 2005, pp. 11. Chandler, D, Semiotics: The basics, Routledge, New York, 2004. Del, I, J Best K Coney, Consumer behavior, Tata McGraw Hill, New York, 2005. Kimmel, R, Fill with care promotes lifestyle, well being, Evians Caswell Brand Week, vol. 48, no. 30, 2007, pp. 42 Wayne, D M Hoyer, Consumer behavior, Cangage Learning, South Western, 2008. Footnotes 1 D Wayne, M Hoyer, Consumer behavior, Cangage Learning, South Western, 2008, p.32. 2 I Del, J Best K Coney, Consumer behavior, Tata McGraw Hill, New York, 2005. pp. 42 3 J Bainbridge, Sector Insight: Bottled water Health drowns out green concerns Marketing, 2007, pp. 99. 4 D Chandler, Semiotics: The basics. New York, Routledge, 2004. pp. 8. 5 S Balmond, Bottled water sales are booming in the UK market, Design Week Journal, vol. 20, no. 30, 2005, pp. 11. 6 A Andrzej A Buchaman, Organizational behavior, Prentice Hall international, London, 2007, pp. 31 7 R Kimmel, Fill with care promotes lifestyle, well being, Evians Caswell Brand Week Journal , vol. 48, no. 30, 2007, pp. 42 8 A Andrzej A Buchaman, Organizational behavior, Prentice Hall international, London, 2007. pp. 56 9 R Kimmel, Fill with care promotes lifestyle, well being, Evians Caswell Brand Week Journal, vol. 48, no. 30, 2007, pp. 42